Medial Shoulder Instability

Dr. Cara McNamee

Medial Shoulder Instability can be a common cause of shoulder pain and lameness. Medial shoulder instability syndrome is a condition that affects the stability of the shoulder joint in dogs, and consists of damage to the medial glenohumeral ligament, the subscapularis tendon, and/or the joint capsule. Further impact can result in damage to compensatory muscles such as the biceps brachialis. Lameness can be subtle and intermittent, or chronic and severe in nature.

Medial shoulder instability syndrome is a condition that affects the stability of the shoulder joint in dogs, and consists of damage to the medial glenohumeral ligament, the subscapularis tendon, and/or the joint capsule.

There are a few different factors that can contribute to the development of medial shoulder instability syndrome in dogs. Genetics and breed predisposition can play a role, particularly in small dogs, as can trauma or injury to the shoulder joint. Additionally, some dogs may develop the condition as a result of repetitive strain or overuse of the joint, such as in high-performance or working dogs.

Repetitive motion, like running through agility weave poles, can contribute to shoulder injuries in dogs.

Diagnosing medial shoulder instability typically involves a thorough physical examination and diagnostic imaging, such as X-rays or ultrasound, or even MRI. Range of motion testing is also an important component to determine the degree of instability.

Treatment options for medial shoulder instability syndrome depend on the severity of the condition and the underlying cause. Mild cases may be managed with rest, physical therapy, and anti-inflammatory medications. More severe cases may require surgical intervention, regenerative medicine (PRP or stem cells), with hobbles to limit motion in the shoulder joint until healed. Early rehabilitation will help these dogs regain function and reduce the risk of reinjury or compensatory pain and can include laser therapy, ESWT, massage, therapeutic exercise, and underwater treadmill therapy.

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In some cases, prevention may be possible through early intervention and appropriate exercise and conditioning programs for dogs at risk for developing medial shoulder instability syndrome. If you notice any signs of pain or discomfort in your dog's front legs, it's important to have them evaluated by a veterinarian as soon as possible to prevent further damage and improve their quality of life.

A thorough physical examination can help to diagnose a medial shoulder injury if your dog is limping on their front leg. Fill out this form to request more information.